Data to July 2026

Local authority area · Devon

Crime rates in Plymouth

Plymouth recorded 29,674 crimes in the 12 months to July 2026. That is 109.1 crimes per 1,000 residents, 20% above the England and Wales average of 91.2. Recorded crime is down 2.3% on the previous 12 months.

109.1 recorded crimes per 1,000 residents, year to July 2026
29,674 offences recorded in the same 12 months
-2.3% change on the previous 12 months
+20% above the England and Wales average

Of the 306 local authority areas in England and Wales with a full year of data, Plymouth has the 75th highest recorded crime rate. That is higher than 76% of them. Within Devon it has the 2nd highest rate of the 10.

England & Wales average, 91Plymouth, 109
Recorded crimes per 1,000 residents. The colours are used throughout this page: the further right, the further above the England and Wales average.

The safest and worst parts of Plymouth

The safest part of Plymouth is Plympton Chaddlewood, with 32.1 recorded crimes per 1,000 residents, about 65% below the England and Wales average. At the other end, City Centre, Barbican & Sutton Harbour recorded 409.4 per 1,000, roughly 4 times the national rate.

Neighbourhoods inside Plymouth, by recorded crimes per 1,000 residents in the year to July 2026, shaded against the England and Wales average. Names are the House of Commons Library's, which are chosen to be the ones local people use.

The map needs JavaScript. The same figures are in the table beside it.

Against the England & Wales average less than half below about average above more than double no usable data

Select a neighbourhood on the map or in the list; the other follows.

Neighbourhoods in Plymouth by recorded crime rate
Neighbourhood Per 1,000 vs England & Wales Offences Year on year
City Centre, Barbican & Sutton Harbour 409.4 more than double 5,525 +0.4%
Stonehouse 269.5 more than double 1,921 -3.7%
Victoria Park 220.4 more than double 1,280 +11.5%
Devonport, Mount Wise & Morice Town 211.3 more than double 2,006 +9.9%
Cattedown & Prince Rock 149.5 above average 1,479 -3.0%
Ford & Blockhouse Park 136.9 above average 1,100 -2.8%
Mutley 120.4 above average 1,124 -12.9%
Lipson 113.3 about average 1,049 -7.2%
North Prospect 112.3 about average 845 +26.1%
Keyham 102.0 about average 713 +8.0%
Stoke & Pennycomequick 100.0 about average 685 -14.6%
Efford, Laira & Crabtree 95.8 about average 903 -10.6%
Honicknowle & Manadon 95.7 about average 894 -15.7%
St Budeaux 94.7 about average 1,001 -12.3%
Crownhill 94.4 about average 618 +13.6%
Derriford & Estover 93.7 about average 794 -9.6%
Tamerton Foliot 90.8 about average 747 +10.2%
Ernesettle 88.7 about average 530 -19.7%
Southway 78.5 about average 686 +16.3%
Deer Park & Leigham 75.3 about average 542 -0.4%
King's Tamerton & West Park 74.9 about average 575 -13.0%
Ham, Beacon Park & Pennycross 64.0 below average 582 +5.6%
Peverell 60.2 below average 471 +10.3%
Plympton St Maurice 57.0 below average 411 +15.5%
Mannamead & Hartley 56.9 below average 444 -18.1%
Plymstock Hooe & Oreston 56.1 below average 644 -6.4%
Higher Compton & Eggbuckland 50.4 below average 358 -3.8%
Plympton St Mary 46.1 below average 353 +0.6%
Glenholt & Widewell 43.4 less than half 323 -6.1%
Plympton Underwood 41.9 less than half 327 -11.4%
Plymstock Goosewell & Staddiscombe 33.2 less than half 251 -18.2%
Plymstock Elburton 33.1 less than half 279 -25.4%
Plympton Chaddlewood 32.1 less than half 214 -18.0%

Neighbourhoods here are Middle Layer Super Output Areas of around 7,000 residents. Each figure is an average over the whole neighbourhood, and the ones holding a town centre run high wherever daily visitors outnumber residents. How the figures work explains why these areas are used rather than electoral wards.

Shared by people who know it

What locals say about Plymouth

Nobody has answered for Plymouth yet, so these are the views of Devon as a whole, from 1 person in the last two years.

Feeling safe

  • How safe does Devon feel, from 1 to 5?1 person rates it 1 out of 5.

Live, work or spend time in Plymouth?

Answer a few quick questions about what it is really like. About a minute, anonymous, and you can skip any question.

Answers are anonymous, one per person per question, and count for two years. They describe how a place feels to the people who answered, are never mixed into the crime figures, and update on this page within a day. How local views work.

By type of offence

Recorded offences in the 12 months to July 2026, with the change on the 12 months before.

Set against the national mix of offences, possession of weapons stands out in Plymouth: it makes up about 56% more of recorded crime here than it does nationally. In the other direction, theft from the person, vehicle crime, and burglary all make up well under their national share.

Recorded crime in Plymouth by offence type
Offence Offences Per 1,000 Share Year on year
Violence and sexual offences 13,221 48.6 44.6% +7.0%
Anti-social behaviour 4,085 15.0 13.8% -23.8%
Criminal damage and arson 2,512 9.2 8.5% -3.6%
Shoplifting 2,144 7.9 7.2% -4.7%
Other theft 2,026 7.5 6.8% +12.6%
Public order 1,895 7.0 6.4% +5.8%
Drugs 863 3.2 2.9% -32.1%
Vehicle crime 771 2.8 2.6% -8.3%
Burglary 599 2.2 2.0% +8.5%
Other crime 579 2.1 2.0% -7.4%
Possession of weapons 469 1.7 1.6% +12.2%
Robbery 216 0.8 0.7% +31.7%
Theft from the person 192 0.7 0.7% -17.6%
Bicycle theft 102 0.4 0.3% -12.1%
All recorded crime 29,674 109.1 100% -2.3%

Home Office recorded crime, data.police.uk. Rates use ONS mid-2024 population estimates (272,067 residents). Categories are the Home Office crime types as published; they are not comparable with court or conviction figures.

What happened to those crimes

Police recorded 25,589 offences other than anti-social behaviour in Plymouth in the year to July 2026. By the time this data was published, about 23% had been closed with no suspect identified and 47% closed because a prosecution was not possible or not pursued. Around 10% had led to a charge, caution or other formal action, and 20% were still open.

The widest shortfall against the national picture is for drugs: 41.7% of cases here ended in a charge or other formal action, against 55.8% across England and Wales.

Police outcomes in Plymouth, latest 12 months
Outcome Share Offences
Closed: no suspect identified 5,886
Closed: prosecution not possible or not pursued 12,043
Charge, caution or other formal action 2,564
Still open or no outcome published yet 5,096

Outcomes describe where each investigation stood when the data was published, so recent offences are naturally still open and the closed shares will edge up as cases conclude. Anti-social behaviour is left out entirely: police record no outcomes for it, and counting it would quietly flatter every percentage here. "Formal action" spans charges, summonses, cautions, penalty notices and community resolutions.

Outcomes by offence in Plymouth

The share of cases ending in a charge, caution or other formal action, against the same figure for England and Wales. Offences with fewer than 30 recorded cases here are left out: a percentage of twelve cases moves several points on one decision.

Formal action rate by offence in Plymouth, against England and Wales
Offence Cases Charged or dealt with England & Wales Difference
Violence and sexual offences 13,221 6.0% 10.7% -4.7 pts
Criminal damage and arson 2,512 6.3% 8.3% -2.0 pts
Shoplifting 2,144 35.0% 25.9% +9.1 pts
Other theft 2,026 3.6% 2.5% +1.1 pts
Public order 1,895 7.9% 12.2% -4.3 pts
Drugs 863 41.7% 55.8% -14.1 pts
Vehicle crime 771 6.5% 2.8% +3.7 pts
Burglary 599 10.2% 5.9% +4.3 pts
Other crime 579 7.6% 17.0% -9.4 pts
Possession of weapons 469 21.1% 34.1% -13.0 pts
Robbery 216 7.9% 9.9% -2.0 pts
Theft from the person 192 1.6% 1.2% +0.4 pts
Bicycle theft 102 2.0% 2.5% -0.5 pts

"Charged or dealt with" counts every outcome that is a formal action: charged, summonsed, cautioned, penalty notice, community resolution. Anti-social behaviour is excluded from both columns because it carries no outcome by design. A low rate is not necessarily a failing of the force here: some offences are far harder to detect anywhere, which is why every row is shown against the national figure for the same offence rather than against the other rows.

Over time

Recorded crime in Plymouth peaked at 32,114 offences in 2011; the latest 12 months, at 29,674, are about 8% below that peak. That works out at roughly 81 a day.

12-month average Each month
8001,6002,4003,2000Covid lockdown2,473ConCon2011201320152017201920212023Jul 2026
Offences recorded each month in Plymouth, Dec 2010 to Jul 2026. The coloured strip is the party holding the office that oversees the force; each break in it is an election. Shaded months are ones the force filed no return for, so both lines break across them.

See Plymouth over any period, or one offence at a time

Monthly figures (188 months)
Monthly recorded crime in Plymouth
MonthRecorded crimes
Jul 2026 2,841
Jun 2026 2,620
May 2026 2,644
Apr 2026 2,579
Mar 2026 2,513
Feb 2026 2,156
Jan 2026 2,316
Dec 2025 2,237
Nov 2025 2,264
Oct 2025 2,517
Sep 2025 2,399
Aug 2025 2,588
Jul 2025 2,832
Jun 2025 2,583
May 2025 2,709
Apr 2025 2,460
Mar 2025 2,510
Feb 2025 2,238
Jan 2025 2,310
Dec 2024 2,398
Nov 2024 2,488
Oct 2024 2,567
Sep 2024 2,527
Aug 2024 2,763
Jul 2024 2,755
Jun 2024 2,689
May 2024 2,796
Apr 2024 2,439
Mar 2024 2,381
Feb 2024 2,106
Jan 2024 2,185
Dec 2023 2,074
Nov 2023 1,320
Oct 2023 1,551
Sep 2023 1,477
Aug 2023 1,644
Jul 2023 1,465
Jun 2023 no return
May 2023 no return
Apr 2023 no return
Mar 2023 no return
Feb 2023 no return
Jan 2023 no return
Dec 2022 no return
Nov 2022 no return
Oct 2022 2,235
Sep 2022 2,126
Aug 2022 2,439
Jul 2022 2,347
Jun 2022 2,281
May 2022 2,284
Apr 2022 2,130
Mar 2022 2,166
Feb 2022 1,949
Jan 2022 2,120
Dec 2021 2,094
Nov 2021 2,036
Oct 2021 2,353
Sep 2021 2,282
Aug 2021 2,336
Jul 2021 2,430
Jun 2021 2,542
May 2021 2,341
Apr 2021 2,395
Mar 2021 2,347
Feb 2021 1,824
Jan 2021 1,858
Dec 2020 2,088
Nov 2020 2,214
Oct 2020 2,509
Sep 2020 2,623
Aug 2020 2,645
Jul 2020 2,774
Jun 2020 2,414
May 2020 2,555
Apr 2020 2,457
Mar 2020 2,361
Feb 2020 2,265
Jan 2020 2,415
Dec 2019 2,368
Nov 2019 2,425
Oct 2019 2,384
Sep 2019 2,332
Aug 2019 2,618
Jul 2019 2,698
Jun 2019 2,500
May 2019 2,700
Apr 2019 2,304
Mar 2019 2,664
Feb 2019 2,153
Jan 2019 2,260
Dec 2018 2,277
Nov 2018 2,643
Oct 2018 2,757
Sep 2018 2,578
Aug 2018 2,561
Jul 2018 2,829
Jun 2018 2,791
May 2018 2,750
Apr 2018 2,455
Mar 2018 2,401
Feb 2018 2,107
Jan 2018 2,356
Dec 2017 2,401
Nov 2017 2,551
Oct 2017 2,672
Sep 2017 2,619
Aug 2017 2,868
Jul 2017 2,776
Jun 2017 2,463
May 2017 2,706
Apr 2017 2,557
Mar 2017 2,675
Feb 2017 2,209
Jan 2017 2,183
Dec 2016 2,309
Nov 2016 2,197
Oct 2016 2,357
Sep 2016 2,365
Aug 2016 2,393
Jul 2016 2,507
Jun 2016 2,437
May 2016 2,392
Apr 2016 2,090
Mar 2016 2,147
Feb 2016 1,979
Jan 2016 1,972
Dec 2015 2,050
Nov 2015 2,005
Oct 2015 2,324
Sep 2015 2,194
Aug 2015 2,199
Jul 2015 2,302
Jun 2015 2,041
May 2015 2,447
Apr 2015 2,393
Mar 2015 2,371
Feb 2015 2,035
Jan 2015 2,010
Dec 2014 2,189
Nov 2014 2,201
Oct 2014 2,274
Sep 2014 2,409
Aug 2014 2,291
Jul 2014 2,521
Jun 2014 2,522
May 2014 2,222
Apr 2014 2,297
Mar 2014 2,463
Feb 2014 2,000
Jan 2014 2,076
Dec 2013 2,077
Nov 2013 2,162
Oct 2013 2,353
Sep 2013 2,336
Aug 2013 2,595
Jul 2013 2,769
Jun 2013 2,504
May 2013 2,505
Apr 2013 2,127
Mar 2013 2,205
Feb 2013 2,119
Jan 2013 1,977
Dec 2012 1,917
Nov 2012 2,100
Oct 2012 2,248
Sep 2012 2,253
Aug 2012 2,396
Jul 2012 2,199
Jun 2012 2,074
May 2012 2,284
Apr 2012 2,062
Mar 2012 2,411
Feb 2012 2,246
Jan 2012 2,288
Dec 2011 2,318
Nov 2011 2,534
Oct 2011 2,779
Sep 2011 2,668
Aug 2011 2,850
Jul 2011 2,792
Jun 2011 2,585
May 2011 2,843
Apr 2011 2,905
Mar 2011 2,680
Feb 2011 2,565
Jan 2011 2,595
Dec 2010 2,319

Download every month as CSV, including which months each force filed.

What kind of place

About 18% of the recorded crime the police placed on the map in Plymouth happened at one of these kinds of place rather than on an ordinary street. The biggest share was at car parks: 1,816 offences across 71 of them.

Where an offence happened at a recognised kind of place rather than on a street, the police record the kind, not the address. Below are those offences in the year to July 2026, totalled across Plymouth.

Recorded crime in Plymouth by kind of place
Kind of place Relative scale Offences Locations
Car parks 1,816 71
Supermarkets 1,694 38
Nightclubs 356 7
Hospitals 292 4
Shopping areas 278 15
Sports and leisure grounds 260 31
Police stations 255 2
Petrol stations 183 14
Colleges and universities 135 9
Ferry terminals 59 3
Bus and coach stations 58 2
Theatres and concert halls 37 4
Parks and open spaces 10 1
Conference and exhibition centres 9 1

A supermarket car park and the supermarket itself may be separate points, and a large site can carry several, so the location count is a count of map points rather than of premises. The police place an offence at the nearest point on their published list, so these are the offences recorded at or near that kind of place, not necessarily inside it.

Streets and the crime map

The named streets with the most recorded offences in the year to July 2026, beside every mapped location in Plymouth.

These are not the most dangerous streets. The police snap every offence to the nearest point on a fixed list of anonymised map points, so one point collects everything recorded around a cluster of addresses. A street with a station, a row of pubs or a shopping parade on it gathers the crime of everyone passing through. A point has no resident population, so there is no rate here, only a count.

The map needs JavaScript. The figures are in the table beside it.

Select a point on the map for its street and count.

fewer offences more offences Select a street in the list and the map goes there. Click the map to enable scroll zoom.

Every anonymised location the police publish for Plymouth, sized by offences in the same 12 months. Locations are approximate by design, so a crime shown on one street may have happened on the next. Map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Streets in Plymouth with the most recorded crime
Street Relative scale Offences
On or near Royal Parade City Centre, Barbican & Sutton Harbour 322
On or near Old Town Street City Centre, Barbican & Sutton Harbour 291
On or near George Place Stonehouse 221
On or near Princes Street Devonport, Mount Wise & Morice Town 215
On or near Union Street Stonehouse 186
On or near Marlborough Row Devonport, Mount Wise & Morice Town 135
On or near Russell Avenue Mannamead & Hartley 132
On or near Market Way City Centre, Barbican & Sutton Harbour 120
On or near Yeats Close Honicknowle & Manadon 109
On or near Whitefriars Lane City Centre, Barbican & Sutton Harbour 106
On or near Market Avenue City Centre, Barbican & Sutton Harbour 100
On or near New George Street City Centre, Barbican & Sutton Harbour 93

Compared with nearby areas

Area Relative scale Per 1,000 Offences Compare
Plymouth 109.1 29,674
Torbay 109.4 15,330 Compare
Exeter 108.6 15,026 Compare
North Devon 70.5 7,132 Compare
Teignbridge 58.7 8,128 Compare
Mid Devon 58.4 4,963 Compare
Torridge 54.8 3,826 Compare
South Hams 47.4 4,365 Compare
East Devon 46.9 7,414 Compare

Compare Plymouth with any other area

Towns in Plymouth

Against the rest of the country

In the national table, where 1st is the highest recorded crime rate, Plymouth was 89th of 306 in December 2010 and is 75th of 306 today. It has moved 14 places towards the top: recorded crime here has risen relative to the rest of the country.

1st7615323030720102026rank
Position in the national table of every area at this level, each month. First place is the highest recorded crime rate, so the line is drawn with first at the top: a line that climbs is a place moving up the table, not down it. A place can move without changing at all, because the rank is relative to everywhere else.

Time of year

Recorded crime here peaks in July, about 28% above its quietest month, February.

avgJFMAMJJASOND
Each calendar month against this area's own average month, across every complete year of data. Indexed rather than counted, so a long-term fall does not flatten the shape of the year underneath it.

Crime in context

Plymouth is the 92nd most deprived of 309 areas in England, and the 75th highest of 306 for recorded crime. Those two positions are close, which is the usual pattern: deprivation is the strongest single correlate of recorded crime in England, and most places sit at about the same point in both lists.

What deprivation would predict

Across every English district, deprivation explains much of the difference in recorded crime rates. On that relationship alone, Plymouth's level of deprivation would predict a rate of about 103 per 1,000. It records 109.1, close to what the pattern would suggest.

How tightly packed it is

3,407 people per square kilometre, across 80 km². England and Wales averages about 400 people per square kilometre. Density is the usual explanation for a high position in the national crime table: a rate divides the crime of everyone who passes through by the number who sleep there.

The night-time economy

Plymouth had 816 premises licensed to sell alcohol, 30.0 per 10,000 residents, against 35.9 per 10,000 across England and Wales on the same count. A concentration of licensed premises is the other half of why compact centres sit high in the national crime table: much recorded violence and public order happens where the night-time economy is, and it is counted against the people who live there rather than the people who go there.

Officers to record it

Devon & Cornwall Police had 3,641 full-time equivalent officers as at 31 March 2026, 1.98 per 1,000 residents, below the England and Wales figure of 2.42. That is 25% above its low point of 2,914 in 2017. Recorded crime partly measures how much policing there is to record it, so a change in officer numbers moves the figures on this page even when nothing else does.

Licensed premises are as at 31 March 2022, the last count the Home Office published by licensing authority; it has reported national totals only since, and a pub estate changes slowly enough for the count to stay worth carrying. The date is shown so nobody reads it as current. Deprivation is the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025, averaged across the area's neighbourhoods weighted by population and ranked against every other English local authority area. It covers England only: Wales publishes a different index on a different basis and the two do not compare. The index is also not independent of what this site measures, because recorded crime is one of its seven domains and worth about a tenth of the score, so a place with a high crime rate is pushed a little way up the deprivation scale by that alone. Officer numbers are full-time equivalents from the Home Office police workforce return, counted across the whole force area. Nothing in this section causes anything on this page: a correlation is not a cause.

When searches happen in Plymouth

Of the 4,488 searches in Plymouth that could be placed and timed from August 2023 to July 2026, the busiest hour was 4pm and the quietest 6am. 26% of them fell between 10pm and 4am, which is about the national share of 29%.

midnight: 227 searches, 5.1%1am: 171 searches, 3.8%2am: 138 searches, 3.1%3am: 114 searches, 2.5%4am: 79 searches, 1.8%5am: 70 searches, 1.6%6am: 20 searches, 0.4%7am: 32 searches, 0.7%8am: 57 searches, 1.3%9am: 152 searches, 3.4%10am: 188 searches, 4.2%11am: 205 searches, 4.6%midday: 213 searches, 4.7%1pm: 212 searches, 4.7%2pm: 262 searches, 5.8%3pm: 267 searches, 5.9%4pm: 285 searches, 6.4%5pm: 251 searches, 5.6%6pm: 263 searches, 5.9%7pm: 257 searches, 5.7%8pm: 248 searches, 5.5%9pm: 244 searches, 5.4%10pm: 259 searches, 5.8%11pm: 274 searches, 6.1%0003060912151821

Plymouth England and Wales, for comparison. Both drawn as each one's own share of its searches, so a small area and the country can be put side by side.

Counted on the hour the search happened, in local time. Only searches carrying coordinates can be placed, which is roughly seven in eight, so the number above is smaller than this area's true total and is a sample of it rather than a count. Three years are used rather than one because a single year of one area is too thin to show a shape. Forces filing a date with no time are excluded entirely. Stop and search by time of day sets out the national picture and the method.

Who oversees policing in Plymouth

Policing in Plymouth is overseen by the police and crime commissioner for Devon & Cornwall Police. Alison Hernandez (Conservative) won that election in May 2024. Since that election, recorded crime here is up 23.0% (the latest 12 months of data against the 12 months up to the election).

Councils in England and Wales have no policing powers. The police force covering an area is answerable to a directly elected commissioner, or to the combined authority mayor where that office has taken the role on. The coloured strip under the trend chart shows these terms against the crime line.

The change column reports what recorded crime did across each term, because it is the first thing a reader wants from this table. It is what happened, not what the officeholder caused: recorded crime moves with reporting rules, how a force records what is reported, national policy and a pandemic, and those effects are far larger than anything one commissioner does in four years. The terms spanning 2020 and 2021 in particular contain the lockdowns, which cut recorded crime everywhere and handed the following term the rebound.

Elections to the office overseeing policing in Plymouth
Election Elected Party Office Crime over the term
May 2024 Alison Hernandez Conservative Police and Crime Commissioner +23.0%
May 2021 Alison Hernandez Conservative Police and Crime Commissioner -13.9%
May 2016 Alison Hernandez Conservative Police and Crime Commissioner +9.1%
November 2012 Tony Hogg Conservative Police and Crime Commissioner -4.4%

These are election results, not terms of office: commissioners resign, die and are disqualified mid-term, and by-elections between the scheduled polls are listed here only where one has been held. For who holds the office today, the force's own website is the authority. The last column compares recorded crime in the 12 months ending at the handover (or the latest data) with the 12 months ending at the election itself; where a monthly return is missing, the window slides by up to four months to the nearest complete one. A dash means the term ran under a year or no complete window exists near it.

Questions

Is Plymouth safe?

In the year to July 2026, the recorded crime rate in Plymouth was 109.1 per 1,000 residents. That is 20% higher than the England and Wales average. A recorded crime rate measures what the police recorded, across a whole local authority area. It says nothing about any particular street, and areas with busy town centres, shopping areas or nightlife record more crime per resident because far more people are present than live there.

What are the worst areas of Plymouth for crime?

Going by recorded crime rates in the year to July 2026, the highest are in City Centre, Barbican & Sutton Harbour (409.4 per 1,000), Stonehouse (269.5 per 1,000) and Victoria Park (220.4 per 1,000). The top of the list usually marks the town centre, where daily visitors outnumber residents many times over.

What are the safest areas of Plymouth?

The lowest recorded crime rates in Plymouth are in Plympton Chaddlewood (32.1 per 1,000), Plymstock Elburton (33.1 per 1,000) and Plymstock Goosewell & Staddiscombe (33.2 per 1,000). Full figures for every neighbourhood are in the table above.

Is crime in Plymouth going up or down?

In Plymouth, the latest 12 months are 2.3% lower than the 12 before. Over the full series, recorded crime here peaked at 32,114 offences in 2011 and the current total is about 8% below it.

What is the most common crime in Plymouth?

The most commonly recorded offence in Plymouth is violence and sexual offences, with 13,221 offences in the 12 months to July 2026 (45% of all recorded crime). The next most common is anti-social behaviour, with 4,085.

Where does this come from?

Police recorded crime open data, published at data.police.uk by the Home Office under the Open Government Licence. It covers offences the police recorded, which is not the same as offences committed: crimes that are never reported never appear. Rates use ONS mid-2024 population estimates. How the figures work sets out the calculation, the reporting lag and every known gap.

Figures cover the 12 months to July 2026, the most recent month any force has published; police data arrives roughly two months in arrears.